美国正经历创纪录高温，工人在恶劣热环境中工作的健康风险日益凸显。特朗普政府于2025年1月无限期冻结了拜登时代的联邦热安全法规1，该法规原本要求雇主提供饮用水、遮荫、休息和培训等保护措施1。与此同时，共和党议员推动相关立法禁止劳工部制定热暴露工作场所保护措施1。
热暴露对美国劳动力造成严重威胁。根据职业安全与健康管理局估计，美国每年有超过550名工人死于热暴露，近28000人受伤1。美国疾病控制中心的数据显示，热导致的死亡人数在2023年至2024年间超过2300人，创45年来新高1。已有措施效果显著——加州自2010年实施户外热保护措施以来，已减少了至少33%的热相关工作场所死亡1。目前仅有7个州拥有可执行的热防护标准1。
纽约市副市长朱莉·苏表示："我们需要这个国家的联邦热标准"1。但农业和建筑行业对热保护标准提出反对，声称雇主已在执行相关措施1。
The Trump administration indefinitely froze a Biden-era federal heat safety regulation in January 2025, removing protections that would have required employers to provide drinking water, shade, rest breaks, and training for workers exposed to extreme temperatures.1 The action coincides with Republican lawmakers pushing legislation to prohibit the Labor Department from establishing workplace protections against heat exposure.1
The freeze comes as the United States experiences record-breaking summer heat, with occupational heat exposure posing serious health risks to workers.1 According to OSHA, more than 550 American workers die annually from heat exposure, with nearly 28,000 others injured.1 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that heat-related deaths exceeded 2,300 between 2023 and 2024, marking the highest toll in 45 years.1 New York City Deputy Mayor Julie Sue stated: "We need federal heat standards in this country."1
Evidence from existing state protections demonstrates the potential impact of federal standards. California's outdoor heat protection measures, in effect since 2010, have reduced heat-related workplace deaths by at least 33 percent, according to research published in Health Affairs in December 2024.1 Currently, only seven states have enforceable heat protection standards.1 Industry groups from agriculture and construction oppose the heat protections, claiming employers already implement relevant measures voluntarily.1
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