2026年9月，南极上空的臭氧洞面积达到2700多万平方公里，成为20年来最大规模1。这一记录仅次于2000年超过2800万平方公里的峰值和2015年10月的2790万平方公里1。科研人员预计该臭氧洞将跻身有史以来最严重的前十名1。
早在5月，科研团队通过卫星观测大气环流变化就已预测到这场"重大"臭氧洞的出现1。极强的极地涡旋和极低的温度导致臭氧洞提前形成且快速扩张1。预测显示，这一臭氧洞将持续至10月和11月1。
尽管面积扩大，但本次臭氧洞的臭氧损耗程度并未达到历史最深水平1。自2000年以来，平流层中臭氧消耗物质的浓度已下降了约三分之一，这表明《蒙特利尔议定书》的实施仍在持续发挥保护作用1。专家预计南极臭氧洞有望在2090年前完全恢复1。
The Antarctic ozone hole expanded to over 27 million square kilometers in September 2026, marking its largest extent in 20 years 1. This area makes it the second-largest ozone hole on record, surpassed only by measurements from 2000, which exceeded 28 million square kilometers, and October 2015, which measured 27.9 million square kilometers 1.
Scientists detected warning signs of this severe depletion months before its peak. Research teams observed abnormal atmospheric circulation patterns through satellite measurements as early as May, allowing them to forecast a "significant" ozone hole 1. An exceptionally strong polar vortex combined with low temperatures in the stratosphere accelerated the hole's formation and expansion ahead of schedule 1. Despite the expanded area, the depth of ozone depletion did not reach historical maximum levels 1. The ozone hole is expected to persist into October and November 1, and preliminary projections indicate it will rank among the ten most severe ozone holes ever recorded 1.
Since the peak depletion in 2000, concentrations of ozone-depleting substances in the stratosphere have declined by approximately one-third 1, demonstrating the continued effectiveness of the Montreal Protocol 1. Experts anticipate that the Antarctic ozone hole will fully recover by 2090 1.
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