巴塞罗那全球健康研究所和奥胡斯大学联合开展的丹麦研究发现，过去十年中被诊断为ADHD或自闭症的儿童和青少年的特征更接近普通人群，而非表现出这些疾病的典型风险因素，这表明诊断率上升可能部分源于诊断范围的扩大和标准的变化。1
该研究分析了丹麦超过210万名儿童和青少年的数据，比较了2012年至2022年间超过71000名被诊断为ADHD或自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的青少年与713000名未诊断个体的情况。1研究显示，低出生体重儿童在研究开始时被诊断为ADHD或ASD的概率比正常体重儿童高54%，但到研究结束时这一差异下降到17%。1
研究第一作者Magnus Elias Tarp指出："我们发现近年被诊断的患者比十年前诊断的患者更接近普通人群。"1高级作者Oleguer Plana-Ripoll补充："这些研究结果并不表明这些疾病被过度诊断或变得不那么严重。"1该研究已发表在《JAMA精神医学》期刊上。1
A large-scale Danish study has identified a notable change in the characteristics of children and adolescents newly diagnosed with ADHD or autism spectrum disorder over the past decade. Researchers from the Barcelona Institute for Global Health and Aarhus University analyzed data from over 2.1 million Danish children and adolescents, comparing more than 71,000 individuals diagnosed with ADHD or ASD between 2012 and 2022 against 713,000 undiagnosed peers 1. The findings suggest that recent diagnostic increases may reflect an expansion of diagnostic criteria and practice rather than a rise in underlying disease prevalence alone 1.
The study, published in JAMA Psychiatry, found a striking narrowing of the gap between newly diagnosed patients and the general population across key risk factors 1. Most dramatically, the probability of a low birth weight child receiving an ADHD or ASD diagnosis fell from 54 percent higher than normal birth weight children at the study's outset to just 17 percent by its conclusion 1.
Lead researcher Magnus Elias Tarp stated: "We found that patients diagnosed in recent years are much more similar to the general population compared to those diagnosed a decade ago" 1. Senior author Oleguer Plana-Ripoll cautioned that these results "do not suggest that these conditions are being over-diagnosed or becoming less severe," emphasizing that the research illustrates evolving diagnostic practices rather than changes in disease severity 1.
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