瑞典卡洛林斯卡医学院的研究人员对1987至2021年间在瑞典出生的370万人进行了追踪调查，发现母亲在妊娠期感染的TORCH病原体与儿童后期神经发育障碍风险显著相关1。研究共确认975名先天性TORCH感染患者，结果表明这类患者被诊断为自闭症的风险约为未感染者的三倍，患智力障碍的风险超过七倍，患严重到极度智力障碍的风险高达30倍1。
TORCH感染包括巨细胞病毒、风疹、弓形虫和疱疹病毒等病原体1。研究估计，在瑞典的自闭症病例中，TORCH感染仅占0.034%，但在严重智力障碍病例中占比约1.2%1。约五分之一出生时携带先天性TORCH感染的儿童可能后来被诊断为自闭症1。该研究已发表于《美国医学会儿科杂志》1。
A large-scale study from Sweden's Karolinska Institute has identified a significant association between congenital TORCH infections acquired during pregnancy and elevated risks of autism and intellectual disability in children.1 Researchers analyzed data from approximately 3.7 million individuals born in Sweden between 1987 and 2021, among whom 975 were diagnosed with congenital TORCH infection.1
Children with congenital TORCH infection faced approximately three times the risk of being diagnosed with autism compared to uninfected children, and more than seven times the risk of intellectual disability.1 The risk of severe to profound intellectual disability was particularly striking, reaching approximately 30 times higher in infected children.1 According to the research estimates, roughly one in five children born with TORCH infection may subsequently develop autism.1 However, the study found that TORCH infections account for only 0.034 percent of autism cases and approximately 1.2 percent of severe intellectual disability cases in Sweden.1
TORCH infections encompass a group of pathogens including cytomegalovirus, rubella, toxoplasma, and herpes simplex virus.1 The findings, published in JAMA Pediatrics, suggest that while maternal transmission of these infections during pregnancy substantially increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, they represent a relatively small fraction of overall cases in the studied population.1
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