宾夕法尼亚州阿蒙什社区爆发自1992年来最致命麻疹疫情，卫生部门上门接种疫苗应对

宾夕法尼亚州正面临自1992年以来最致命的麻疹疫情，已造成4例死亡病例1。死者中包括2名新生儿、1名18岁和1名40岁的女性，均死于麻疹并发症1。疫情始于4月末，主要影响与医疗系统接触有限的阿蒙什人社区1。为遏制病毒传播，卫生部门采取了包括上门接种的积极防控策略1。

州卫生部门已在疫情中心附近的临时诊所施打近4,300剂MMR疫苗1。切斯特县共接种538剂该疫苗，其中340剂在私人家庭中进行1。据估计，宾夕法尼亚州约有90,000名阿蒙什人，兰开斯特地区仅有约四分之一的居民接种过MMR疫苗1。护士戴尔·韦泽尔表示："我认为我们还要应对6到12个月。它确实在传播和加速。"1

防控工作面临政治阻力。美国卫生部长肯尼迪在社交媒体上对其中至少一例死亡提出质疑，并质疑疫苗安全性1。宾夕法尼亚州州长约什·沙皮罗因此指责肯尼迪散布虚假信息，加剧了疫情防控难度1。与此同时，特朗普政府上月通过行政命令建议将MMR疫苗分成三次单独注射1。

Pennsylvania is experiencing its deadliest measles outbreak since 1992, with four confirmed fatalities driving an urgent public health response in Amish communities with historically low vaccination rates.1 The deaths include two newborns, one 18-year-old, and one 40-year-old woman who died from measles complications.1 The outbreak began in late April, prompting health authorities to adopt an unconventional vaccination campaign that brings nurses directly into homes and communities with limited access to traditional medical infrastructure.1

State health officials have administered nearly 4,300 doses of MMR vaccine at temporary clinics near the outbreak epicenter, with Chester County alone distributing 538 doses—340 of which were administered in private residences.1 Pennsylvania's approximately 90,000 Amish residents represent a vaccination challenge, as only an estimated one-quarter of residents in the Lancaster region have received the MMR vaccine.1 Nurse Dale Wetzel warned that containment efforts face prolonged difficulty, stating: "I think we're looking at six to twelve more months. It really is spreading and accelerating."1

The response has become politically contentious following remarks by U.S. Health Secretary Kennedy, who publicly questioned at least one death case and raised concerns about vaccine safety on social media.1 Pennsylvania Governor Josh Shapiro countered that Kennedy's statements spread false information and worsened the outbreak crisis.1 The Trump administration last month issued an executive order recommending that the MMR vaccine be administered as three separate injections rather than a combined dose.1