心理学家史蒂夫·斯图尔特-威廉姆斯的新著《十亿年的性差异：进化如何塑造了男性和女性的心智》近日获得专家评论。评论者科迪莉亚·芬指出，该书在解释性别心理差异时"处于科学光谱中极端的'先天'一端"1，过度强调生物决定论，忽视了文化因素在塑造性别思维差异中的重要作用。
芬在书评中质疑了该书的关键论证。书中援引的一项研究指出，在性别平等国家中，青少年同性打架现象的性别差异反而更大1。然而评论者提出相反的证据：跨越不同文化的数据显示，性别差异存在巨大差异——突尼斯和苏里南的男孩打架比例是女孩的8倍，而赞比亚、汤加、贝宁和加纳几乎不存在性别差异1。这些对比表明，文化背景而非仅仅生物因素在塑造性别行为差异中起着显著作用。
Cordelia Fine, a prominent researcher, has critiqued psychologist Steve Stewart-Williams' recent work "A Billion Years of Sex Differences: How Evolution Shaped the Minds of Men and Women" for presenting an overly deterministic view of gender psychology 1. Fine argues that the book positions itself at the extreme biological end of the scientific spectrum, overemphasizing innate factors while undervaluing cultural influences in shaping mental differences between men and women 1.
The book examines adolescent fighting patterns across cultures as evidence for evolved sex differences, citing research suggesting that gender gaps in physical altercations are larger in more gender-equal countries 1. However, Fine points out significant cross-cultural variation that challenges this narrative: in Tunisia and Suriname, boys fight at rates eight times higher than girls, while in Zambia, Tonga, Benin, and Ghana, fighting rates show virtually no gender difference 1. This variation suggests that social roles and cultural contexts play a substantial role in shaping behavioral outcomes, a dimension that Fine contends the book inadequately addresses 1.
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