德国首次承诺2045年前逐步淘汰化石燃料

德国政府在周三发布的路线图中首次明确承诺在2045年前逐步淘汰化石燃料，标志着这一能源政策的重大转变。1该计划设定了一系列具体目标以推进能源转型，包括到2030年将可再生能源在发电中的占比从55%提升至80%。1为实现这一目标，德国计划在2030年前新增12GW陆上风电装机容量，并将太阳能装机容量扩展至215GW。1

德国还计划在2030年前将甲烷排放量削减30%，并重申在2038年退出煤炭的承诺，这一时间可能提前至2035年。1在建筑供暖领域，热泵已占到所有新建国内供暖系统的约一半。1德国成为继法国和荷兰之后第三个发布此类能源转型路线图的主要发达经济体。1

Germany's government unveiled an energy transition roadmap on Wednesday, marking its first explicit commitment to eliminating fossil fuels by 2045 1. The plan represents a significant policy shift for Europe's largest economy and positions Germany as the third major developed economy to release such a pathway, following France and the Netherlands 1.

The roadmap sets ambitious renewable energy targets to accelerate the transition. By 2030, Germany aims to increase the share of renewable energy in electricity generation from 55 percent to 80 percent 1. This expansion will be supported by adding 12 gigawatts of onshore wind capacity and 215 gigawatts of solar installations by the same year 1. Additionally, the government plans to reduce methane emissions by 30 percent by 2030 1.

Coal phase-out remains a central element of Germany's decarbonization strategy. The government reaffirmed its target to exit coal by 2038, with the possibility of accelerating the deadline to 2035 1. In the heating sector, heat pumps are already accounting for approximately half of all new domestic heating systems, signaling progress in replacing fossil fuel-based heating 1.