柏林左翼党征收大型房产公司计划引发宪法争议

柏林左翼党在9月20日的州选举中胜出，承诺落实2021年公投结果，对拥有超过3000套公寓的大型房产公司进行征收1。该方案涉及约27万套公寓，征收后将被转为公有并以平价出租1。这一举措旨在缓解柏林住房危机，将公有住房比例从当前的约25%提升至30%以上1。

然而，该计划面临来自联邦层面的强烈反对。德国总理默茨明确表示"在德国不存在私产征收"1，联邦政府承诺通过立法禁止这一行为1。2023年专家委员会曾得出征收在法律上可行的结论1，但联邦与州权力划分以及欧洲法律合规性等问题仍存在重大争议。此外，最新民调显示仅37%的柏林人支持征收政策1，相比2021年公投时的57.6%支持率出现显著下降1。

Germany's Left Party secured victory in Berlin's September 20 election with a pledge to implement the results of a 2021 public referendum on expropriating large real estate companies 1. The referendum, supported by 57.6 percent of Berlin voters, mandates the seizure of properties owned by companies holding more than 3,000 apartments, potentially bringing approximately 270,000 apartments under public ownership and converting them to affordable rental housing 1.

The proposed expropriation would increase Berlin's share of publicly-owned housing from roughly 25 percent to over 30 percent 1. A 2023 expert commission concluded that such seizures were legally permissible under German law 1. However, the federal government has firmly opposed the measure. Chancellor Merz stated that "private property expropriation does not exist in Germany" and pledged to introduce legislation prohibiting such action 1. This stance has created significant constitutional tensions between federal and state authorities, alongside questions about compliance with European legal frameworks 1.

Public support for the expropriation policy appears to have shifted considerably since the 2021 referendum. Recent polling shows only 37 percent of Berlin residents now support the measure 1. In December 2025, Germany's conservative-led government completed a draft socialization law but explicitly excluded expropriation provisions 1.