欧盟正在加快与东南亚国家的贸易合作步伐，预计到2027年中期将与11个东盟成员中的6个达成自由贸易协定1。新加坡和越南的协议已正式生效，印度尼西亚的谈判已完成，泰国、马来西亚、菲律宾等国的谈判也已接近或实现实质性协议1。这一系列双边合作背后反映了欧盟在东南亚贸易中的战略重要性——欧盟与东盟的商品贸易额达274.9亿欧元（313.7亿美元），较2016年增长超过50%1，东盟已成为欧盟第三大商品贸易伙伴，仅次于美国和中国1。
然而，尽管双边协议不断推进，欧盟与东盟寻求达成区域性贸易框架的努力却长期陷入困境1。双方从2007年启动区域对区域协议谈判，但因成员国发展水平差异巨大，谈判在2009年暂停1。欧盟-东盟商务理事会执行董事Chris Humphrey曾呼吁建立区域对区域的经济框架1，但欧盟最终转变策略，改为与各国逐一推进双边合作1。值得注意的是，2027年将迎来欧盟与东盟关系建立50周年1。
The European Union is advancing individual free trade agreements with Southeast Asian nations rather than pursuing a single region-wide pact. By mid-2027, the EU is expected to have concluded agreements with six of ASEAN's eleven member states.1 Trade deals with Singapore and Vietnam are already in effect, negotiations with Indonesia have been finalized, and substantial progress has been made with Thailand, Malaysia, and the Philippines.1
The shift toward bilateral negotiations reflects longstanding difficulties in reaching a comprehensive regional accord. The EU and ASEAN launched talks on a region-to-region agreement in 2007, but these stalled in 2009 due to significant divergences among member states with vastly different development levels.1 Despite this impasse, economic ties between the two regions have strengthened considerably, with EU-ASEAN merchandise trade reaching €27.49 billion (US$31.37 billion) last year, representing growth exceeding 50 percent since 2016.1 ASEAN has become the EU's third-largest merchandise trade partner, surpassed only by the United States and China.1 Chris Humphrey, executive director of the EU-ASEAN Business Council, has called for the establishment of a region-to-region economic framework,1 even as individual agreements continue to proliferate. The year 2027 will mark the fiftieth anniversary of EU-ASEAN relations.1
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