BBC记者实地走访内蒙古，近距离观察了中国正在建设的数十个数据中心设施1。这些数据中心主要分布在乌兰察布、宁夏、甘肃和贵州等人口稀少的地区2，已成为中国AI产业发展的核心基础设施，也是当前中美AI竞争的关键支撑2。中国计划到2030年在90%的产业和社会中嵌入AI技术2，同时目标是让大多数数据中心由绿色能源驱动2。
中国在科技人才培养方面具有显著优势，每年培养约500万科技和理工科毕业生，相比之下美国约为50万2。这种人才储备为AI产业提供了充足的技术支撑。与此同时，当地农民和村民对AI发展与自身生活的关联性表示怀疑2。一些村庄因数据中心建设已被迁移，但具体数字和补偿金额难以确定2。当地民众对就业机会和土地征用问题表示担忧2。
BBC journalists have gained rare access to document China's massive expansion of data centers in remote regions, revealing the infrastructure underpinning the country's artificial intelligence ambitions.1 The facilities, primarily concentrated in sparsely populated areas including Inner Mongolia's Ulanqab, Ningxia, Gansu, and Guizhou, represent a critical battleground in the escalating US-China technology competition.2
China has committed to embedding artificial intelligence across 90 percent of industries and society by 2030, and these data centers serve as the computational foundation for achieving that goal.2 The country is pursuing several strategies to accelerate its AI capacity, including a plan to ensure most data centers run on renewable energy by 2030.2 Simultaneously, China graduates approximately 5 million science and engineering students annually, compared to roughly 500,000 in the United States, providing a significant talent advantage for the sector.2 The initiative also reflects efforts to attract Chinese technology professionals back home, exemplified by figures like Jack Zhang from the University of Science and Technology of China, who previously studied at Yale and Cambridge universities.2
The expansion has disrupted local communities. Some villages in the target regions have been relocated to make way for data center construction, though precise figures on affected populations and compensation amounts remain difficult to establish.2 Local farmers and residents express skepticism about how artificial intelligence development relates to their own livelihoods, with concerns focused on land appropriation and limited employment opportunities.2 In some areas, residents pay over 40 yuan monthly for internet service.2 Xi Jinping arrived in Washington on Wednesday for a visit, with the timing of this infrastructure push underscoring the strategic importance both nations place on AI technological dominance.2
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