最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部联合印发了《关于办理涉芬太尼类物质刑事案件适用法律等若干问题的意见》，该文件共包含18条规定，明确了芬太尼类物质犯罪的定罪量刑标准、犯罪范围以及证据收集要求1。文件编号为法发〔2026〕12号，旨在依法从严惩治芬太尼类物质犯罪1。
《意见》将芬太尼类物质区分为药用和非药用两类，分别适用不同的处理标准1。其中，药用芬太尼参照《最高人民法院关于审理毒品犯罪案件适用法律若干问题的解释》规定的标准执行，而非药用芬太尼则参照刑法规定的海洛因数量标准进行量刑1。与此同时，相关部门还同步印发了《关于芬太尼类物质犯罪案件立案追诉标准的规定》1。
China's Supreme People's Court, Supreme People's Procuratorate, and Ministry of Public Security have jointly released guidelines addressing legal application and procedural standards for prosecuting fentanyl-related substance crimes.1 The document, designated as Law Issuance No. 12 (2026), comprises 18 provisions that establish conviction and sentencing benchmarks, define the scope of criminal conduct, and specify evidence collection requirements for such offenses.1
The three agencies have categorized fentanyl-related substances into two distinct classes—pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical—each subject to separate standards.1 Pharmaceutical fentanyl cases are to be evaluated according to the criteria outlined in the Supreme People's Court's interpretation on drug-related criminal cases, while non-pharmaceutical variants are assessed using the heroin quantity thresholds prescribed in the Criminal Law.1 The guidelines aim to enforce strict legal penalties against fentanyl-related substance crimes.1 Accompanying the directive, the agencies have simultaneously issued standards for determining criminal liability thresholds in fentanyl-related cases.1
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