美国援助撤离导致非洲医疗卫生系统承压

美国政府削减USAID等关键援助计划，对非洲及全球南方的医疗卫生系统造成日益加重的压力。1根据加纳总统约翰·马哈马领导的阿克拉重置倡议发布的报告，2021至2025年间非洲外部卫生融资下降近70%。1该报告敦促非洲国家加强自主权、减少对西方援助的依赖。1

美国援助撤出给多个非洲国家带来具体冲击。1南非因美国终止PEPFAR项目面临严峻挑战，该项目年度融资超过4亿美元，自2003年以来在全球范围内拯救了2600万生命，而南非现有140万艾滋病患者治疗将陷入不确定性。1尼日利亚因USAID关闭需要吸收28000名卫生工作者，相关成本高达2亿美元。1加纳因USAID关闭损失7800万美元。1

非洲地区的医疗卫生能力本已脆弱。1非洲虽承担全球疾病负担约25%，但其生产的全球疫苗不足1%。1与此同时，美国民众中有75%表示支持恢复美国埃博拉病毒预防援助。1

The US government's cuts to key assistance initiatives, including USAID, are placing mounting pressure on healthcare systems across Africa and the Global South.1 A report released by the Accra Initiative, led by Ghana's President John Mahama, highlights the critical vulnerabilities exposed by this policy shift and urges African nations to strengthen their autonomy and reduce dependence on Western aid.1

External health financing to Africa has declined by nearly 70 percent between 2021 and 2025, according to the report.1 The termination of the PEPFAR program has created particular uncertainty for treatment access, with approximately 1.4 million people living with HIV in South Africa facing disrupted care.1 Annual PEPFAR funding to South Africa exceeded $400 million, and since its launch in 2003, the program has saved 26 million lives globally.1 In Nigeria, the closure of USAID operations will require the country to absorb 28,000 health workers at an estimated cost of $200 million, while Ghana faces the loss of $78 million in funding.1

The disparity in global health capacity underscores the urgency of the situation: Africa produces less than 1 percent of global vaccines yet bears approximately 25 percent of the global disease burden.1 Despite these challenges, public support in the United States for restoring American aid for Ebola virus prevention remains strong, with 75 percent of Americans backing such assistance.1