国际天文学家团队的最新研究发现，无论是恒星质量黑洞还是超大质量黑洞，都在相同的临界条件下产生强大的物质喷流。1 根据对潮汐瓦解事件的观测分析，当黑洞的进食速率下降至埃丁顿极限的约2%时，不同质量的黑洞都会触发喷流形成，这一阈值的通用性令人惊讶。1 该发现已发表在《自然天文学》期刊上，由高级研究所的Andrew Mummery和柯廷大学的Adelle Goodwin等研究人员主导。1
喷流的形成过程分为两个阶段：黑洞在高进食速率时的早期阶段，以及在星体被撕裂后数百至数千天内的后期阶段。1 这项研究表明，通过掌握黑洞喷流形成的通用规律，天文学家可以更高效地预测喷流活动，从而优化望远镜观测的安排。1 这一方法对即将于2028年启动的平方公里阵列射电望远镜项目尤为重要。1
An international team of astronomers has discovered that black holes across all mass scales trigger powerful jets according to a universal mechanism.1 Regardless of whether a black hole is stellar-mass or supermassive, jets form when the accretion rate drops to approximately 2 percent of the Eddington limit, a threshold that applies uniformly across different black hole sizes.1 The research, led by Andrew Mummery of the Institute for Advanced Study and Adelle Goodwin of Curtin University, analyzed observations of tidal disruption events to identify this critical transition point.1
The findings are based on detailed analysis of ten high-quality tidal disruption events and have been published in Nature Astronomy.1 The study reveals that black hole jets emerge at the same critical stage of the accretion cycle, occurring hundreds to thousands of days after the initial tidal disruption.1 This discovery has practical implications for astronomical observation, as identifying the threshold for jet formation could enable more efficient scheduling of telescope observations.1 The results are expected to be particularly valuable for planning observations with the Square Kilometre Array, a major radio telescope project set to launch in 2028.1
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