理论物理学家约翰·惠勒在1940年春天与理查德·费曼的一通电话中提出了"一电子宇宙"假说1。这一假说认为，所有电子和正电子实际上是同一个实体在时间中前后移动的不同表现1。惠勒在电话中向费曼阐述了这个观点，指出"费曼，我知道为什么所有电子的电荷和质量都相同……因为它们其实是同一个电子"1。
根据这一假说，所有电子的世界线可能形成一条巨大纠缠的线段，任何时刻与这条线的交点代表实际存在的电子；其中向时间前方延伸的线段代表电子，向后环绕的线段则代表正电子1。费曼随后在1949年发表的论文《正电子理论》中采纳并发展了这一解释1。此后，南部阳一郎在1950年将这一概念应用于所有粒子-反粒子对的产生和湮灭1。
Theoretical physicist John Wheeler proposed a radical idea during a telephone conversation with Richard Feynman in the spring of 1940: all electrons and positrons are manifestations of a single entity moving backward and forward through time.1 According to Wheeler's conception, the worldlines traced by electrons through spacetime could collectively form one massive, intricately tangled line segment, with each intersection point representing an actual electron at any given moment.1 Forward-directed segments of this line correspond to electrons, while backward-looping sections represent positrons.1
Wheeler emphasized the implications of this view, stating to Feynman during their conversation: "Feynman, I know why all electrons have the same charge and the same mass... Because, they are all the same electron!"1 The hypothesis gained further prominence when Feynman incorporated this explanation into his 1949 paper "The Theory of Positrons," which proposed that positrons could be understood as electrons moving backward in time.1 Subsequently, physicist Yoichiro Nambu extended this conceptual framework in 1950 to encompass the creation and annihilation of all particle-antiparticle pairs.1
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