英国研究显示重症精神疾病患者死亡年龄早15至20年

英国Rethink Mental Illness慈善机构对NHS数据的分析发现，患有严重精神疾病的成年人面临显著的过早死亡风险。1在18至74岁的患者中，死亡年龄比普通人群早15至20年，在75岁前死亡的可能性是普通人口的4.8倍。1这些患者主要死于可预防性疾病，包括癌症、心血管疾病、肝脏病和呼吸系统疾病。1

具体而言，患有严重精神健康问题的患者因肝脏疾病死亡的风险是普通人群的6.3倍，因呼吸系统疾病为6倍，因心血管疾病为3.8倍，因癌症为2.3倍。1在18至74岁有严重精神健康问题的患者中，癌症、心血管疾病、肝脏病和呼吸系统疾病占死亡原因的56.5%。1其中，癌症和心血管疾病各占所有死亡的近19%，呼吸系统疾病占11%，肝脏疾病占8%，自杀占7%。1

2022至2024年期间，患有严重精神健康问题的工作年龄成年人因心血管疾病和癌症的死亡人数超过24,000例，创历史新高。1此外，患有严重精神疾病者的自杀死亡率是普通人群的14.6倍。1研究指出，"诊断遮蔽"等因素导致潜在疾病未被正确识别和治疗，加剧了这一健康不平等现象。1

Adults living with severe mental illness face dramatically elevated mortality risk from treatable conditions, according to analysis of UK National Health Service data by the Rethink Mental Illness charity. Those aged 18 to 74 with serious mental health issues die approximately 15 to 20 years earlier than the general population 1, and are 4.8 times more likely to die before reaching age 75 1.

The disparity extends across multiple disease categories. People with severe mental illness experience liver disease mortality rates 6.3 times higher than the general population, respiratory disease mortality 6 times higher, cardiovascular disease 3.8 times higher, and cancer mortality 2.3 times higher 1. Suicide deaths occur at a rate 14.6 times higher among this group 1. Among working-age adults with serious mental health conditions, deaths from cardiovascular disease and cancer exceeded 24,000 during the 2022-2024 reporting period—a historic peak 1. Across the 18-74 age group with severe mental health problems, these four disease categories—cancer, cardiovascular disease, liver disease, and respiratory illness—account for 56.5% of all deaths, with cancer and cardiovascular disease each representing nearly 19% of mortality, respiratory disease 11%, liver disease 8%, and suicide 7% 1.

The research identifies diagnostic overshadowing as a contributing factor, whereby underlying treatable conditions are not properly identified and managed 1.