西北大学物理学家的最新研究颠覆了传统认知，表明复杂系统中的差异性或"无序"实际上能够提高网络稳定性，而非如人们普遍假设的那样削弱稳定性 1。这项研究发表于2026年9月17日的《科学》杂志，题为《由无序促进的稳定性》 1。
该研究由Adilson Motter主导，Arthur Montanari和Pietro Zanin共同担任第一作者 1。研究涵盖了电网、神经元、鸟群、建筑材料和生态网络等多个领域的复杂系统 1。关键发现表明，适度的无序性能够提高系统稳定性，但过度无序则会带来相反效果 1。
该研究具有广泛的应用前景。2020年Nature Physics的相关研究表明发电机以不同方式运行反而能更成功地实现同步 1。到2025年，Nature Communications的研究进一步确认，群集行为和无人机群中也存在类似的无序促进稳定的效应 1。该项研究得到了陆军研究办公室和国家科学基金会的资助 1。
Physicists at Northwestern University have discovered that heterogeneity and disorder in complex systems can actually enhance network stability rather than diminish it, challenging the long-held assumption that perfect uniformity provides the best conditions for stability.1 The research, published on September 17, 2026, in Science magazine under the title "Disorder-promoted stability," was led by Adilson Motter with Arthur Montanari and Pietro Zanin serving as co-first authors.1
The findings apply across diverse domains including power grids, neural networks, bird flocks, building materials, and ecological networks.1 The team demonstrated that moderate levels of disorder can improve system stability, though excessive disorder will reduce it.1 This discovery builds on a 2020 Nature Physics study showing that generators operating with variability can synchronize more successfully, and recent 2025 research in Nature Communications identified similar effects in collective animal behavior and drone swarms.1 The research was supported by the Army Research Office (grant W911NF-22-2-0109) and the National Science Foundation (grant DMS-2308341).1
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