美国反垄断专家反对为AI企业提供豁免权

美国司法部前反垄断主管乔纳森·坎特近日在播客采访中明确表示，AI公司不应获得反垄断豁免权，企业应对其AI产品造成的危害承担产品责任1。现任华盛顿大学法学教授和卡内基梅隆大学技术政策教授的坎特曾带领司法部赢得了针对谷歌的两起案件和Ticketmaster案件，在反垄断领域拥有丰富经验1。

坎特指出，AI公司请求豁免权可能是为了避免竞争或解决融资困境，但安全和合规问题应通过创新和产品设计而非协调定价来解决1。他用比喻说明当前AI监管的缺陷："我们发明了汽车和卡车，但没有道路标线、红绿灯、禁停标志和限速标志"1。坎特强调，AI企业无需反垄断豁免来协调安全问题，就像波音和空客不需要协调来解决飞机门问题1。

在国家竞争战略层面，坎特反对"为了与中国竞争而允许国内垄断"的论点，认为这违背美国建立之初反对垄断的原则1。对于AI监管框架，他建议应当明确界定对危险产品的后果责任，同时国会应列举社会重视的价值（包括心理健康、竞争、信息真实性等）并将其嵌入监管框架1。特朗普政府AI政策负责人David Sacks赞同现有反垄断法足以应对AI相关问题，无需豁免1。

Jonathan Kanter, former head of the Justice Department's antitrust division under the Biden administration and now a law professor at the University of Washington and technology policy professor at Carnegie Mellon University, argued in a podcast interview that artificial intelligence companies should not be granted antitrust exemptions to address safety concerns 1. Instead, Kanter contended that AI firms should bear product liability for harms caused by their systems, and that governments should establish clear safety standards and competitive rules 1.

Kanter drew an analogy to automotive safety to illustrate the current regulatory gap, stating: "We invented cars and trucks, but we didn't invent road markings, traffic lights, no-parking signs, and speed limits" 1. He rejected the premise that companies need antitrust immunity to coordinate on safety issues, comparing the situation to how Boeing and Airbus do not require coordination to address aircraft door problems 1. Kanter suggested that companies may seek exemptions to avoid competition or resolve financing difficulties rather than to genuinely solve compliance challenges 1.

On the geopolitical front, Kanter opposed arguments for allowing domestic monopolies to compete with China, asserting that such a position contradicts founding American principles against monopolistic practices 1. His regulatory prescription for AI includes establishing clear liability for dangerous products and directing Congress to identify values that society prioritizes—such as mental health, competition, and information integrity—and embed them into regulatory frameworks 1. During his tenure at the Justice Department, Kanter's division secured victories in two cases against Google and one against Ticketmaster, with an Apple case remaining active under the Trump administration 1. Notably, David Sacks, Trump's AI czar, aligned with Federal Trade Commission Chair Lina Khan's position that existing antitrust laws are sufficient without requiring exemptions 1.