特朗普签署制裁俄罗斯法案 同时扩大关税权力

美国总统特朗普签署了以已故参议员林赛·格雷厄姆命名的制裁法案58。该法案在众议院获得跨党派支持，投票结果为262-1593，参议院投票结果为86-115。这项综合制裁方案针对俄罗斯的能源部门、官员和金融机构235，旨在迫使俄罗斯结束对乌克兰的战争3。

法案赋予特朗普对俄罗斯石油和天然气的主要购买国征收最高100%关税的权力38。根据数据，中国占2022年12月至2026年8月间俄罗斯原油出口的50%，印度占37%8，这意味着中国和印度可能成为新关税措施的主要对象。此外，法案还将制裁范围扩展至伊朗的能源和武器部门，伊朗制裁框架延续至2031年5。

乌克兰总统泽连斯基对特朗普签署该法案表示感谢5。然而，民主党领导人对该法案表示担忧，认为赋予总统过大的关税权力，并指责该措施可能违反1977年《国际紧急权力法案》，同时对美国民众造成伤害13。克里姆林宫发言人佩斯科夫则警告称，额外制裁将阻碍乌克兰和平解决努力5。

President Trump has signed legislation named after the late Senator Lindsey Graham that imposes comprehensive sanctions on Russia while granting him broad new powers to levy tariffs135. The measure passed the House with bipartisan support in a 262-159 vote3 and the Senate with an 86-11 tally5.

The legislation, formally titled the Lindsey O Graham Sanctioning Russia and Iran Act of 2026, targets Russia's energy sector and economy more broadly38. Trump can now impose tariffs of up to 100 percent on the top five purchasers of Russian oil and gas, which include China and India8. According to trade data, China accounted for 50 percent of Russian crude exports between December 2022 and August 2026, while India represented 37 percent8. The sanctions also extend to Russian officials, banks, and shadow oil tanker fleets, as well as to Iran's energy and weapons sectors38. Countries importing less than 15 percent of Russian natural gas and actively reducing that dependence are exempted from the tariff provisions8.

Democratic leaders have expressed concern that the measure grants the president excessive tariff authority and could harm American consumers13. Critics argue the law violates the 1977 International Emergency Economic Powers Act by delegating too much power to the executive branch3. Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelensky praised the House passage of the bill, noting that Graham had consistently emphasized the importance of maintaining pressure on Russia through stronger sanctions while pursuing peace5. However, Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov warned that additional sanctions would obstruct peace settlement efforts in Ukraine5.