由厦门大学Lige Leng领导的研究团队发现，下丘脑中Menin蛋白水平的下降可能促进衰老过程1。在20个月大的老年小鼠中恢复Menin基因表达后，研究人员在30天内观察到多项衰老相关变化的改善，包括皮肤厚度和骨质量增加、学习和认知性能提高以及平衡能力增强1。恢复Menin还延长了小鼠的寿命1。
研究人员进一步探索了氨基酸D-丝氨酸的效果1。在小鼠饮用水中添加D-丝氨酸三周后，认知性能得到改善，但这种改善不如Menin恢复全面，未能复现Menin带来的全身衰老逆转效应1。降低年轻小鼠的Menin水平会导致炎症增加、骨量降低、皮肤变薄、认知衰退和寿命缩短1。Leng表示，"Menin表达的下降可能是衰老的驱动因素之一，Menin可能是连接遗传、炎症和代谢衰老因素的关键蛋白"1。该研究发表于2023年3月16日的《PLOS Biology》期刊1。
后续研究在2024至2025年期间表明，D-丝氨酸的效果因生物学背景而异，更大剂量并不一定带来更好的效果1。人类研究仍然有限，一项对50名健康老年人的单一剂量研究未能建立持久的记忆益处或衰老减速的证据1。
Researchers led by Lige Leng at Xiamen University discovered that declining levels of the Menin protein in the hypothalamus may drive aging processes, and restoring this protein in older mice reversed multiple age-related changes 1. The findings, published in PLOS Biology on March 16, 2023, demonstrated that Menin restoration improved bone density, skin thickness, and cognitive function in 20-month-old mice within 30 days 1. The team also found that the protein extended lifespan in the treated animals 1.
The research revealed that Menin levels naturally decrease with age in the ventromedial hypothalamic neurons of mice 1. When researchers artificially reduced Menin in young mice, they observed increased inflammation, decreased bone mass, skin thinning, cognitive decline, and shortened lifespan 1. Leng stated that "the decline in Menin expression may be one of the drivers of aging, and Menin may be a key protein linking genetic, inflammatory, and metabolic aging factors" 1. The study also tested D-serine, an amino acid added to drinking water for three weeks, which improved cognitive performance but did not produce the comprehensive systemic anti-aging effects seen with Menin restoration 1. According to Leng, "D-serine is a potential therapeutic approach for cognitive decline," though subsequent research from 2024-2025 indicated its effectiveness varies by biological background 1. Human studies remain limited; a single-dose trial involving 50 healthy older adults in 2016 found no lasting memory benefits or evidence of slowed aging 1.
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