美国采用盐穴储存技术建设战略石油储备系统，在德克萨斯州和路易斯安那州墨西哥湾沿岸设置了4个地点共60个空洞，用于储存约7.14亿桶石油1。这一方案通过在盐穹中挖掘圆柱形空洞存储原油，利用盐岩的低渗透性和自我密封特性，同时依靠油水密度差实现石油提取1。每个储存空洞的容量约为1000万桶1。
相比地上罐储，盐穴储存具有显著的经济优势1。该方案的成本约为每桶3.50美元，远低于地上罐储的每桶15至18美元1。
The United States maintains approximately 714 million barrels of crude oil in its Strategic Petroleum Reserve through an underground storage system centered on salt caverns located along the Gulf Coast in Texas and Louisiana 1. The reserve operates across four sites containing a combined 60 cavities, with each cavity designed to hold approximately 10 million barrels 1. This approach leverages the unique geological properties of salt formations, which feature low permeability and self-sealing characteristics that naturally contain the stored petroleum 1.
The salt cavity storage method proves significantly more cost-effective than alternative approaches, operating at approximately $3.50 per barrel compared to above-ground tank storage at $15–$18 per barrel 1. Engineers extract oil from these underground reservoirs by exploiting the density difference between oil and water, allowing for efficient recovery 1. The Red Hill facility, with a capacity of 6 million barrels, experienced a leak of approximately 27,000 gallons in 2014 1.
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