1993年，俄罗斯考古学家在西伯利亚阿尔泰山脉乌科克高原发现了一具保存完好的古代女性木乃伊，她生活于距今约2300年前，属于帕泽雷克文化1。根据放射性碳测年，这位女性死亡于公元前280至240年间，高概率为公元前270年代中期1。她在约27岁时去世，死前患有乳腺癌，骨骼上还显示出骨髓炎和摔伤的痕迹，表明她可能曾从马上跌落1。
这具遗骸的陪葬品规模庞大，反映了其人可能具有祭司或萨满的特殊身份1。墓室内埋有六匹被牺牲的马匹，以及数百件物品，包括丝绸、羊毛织物、大麻和香菜等1。死者身体覆盖精美纹身，穿着彩色丝绸羊毛衣物，头戴三英尺高的毛毡冠饰，还佩戴铜制鹿针和十五只金鸟饰品1。这一发现揭示了铁器时代欧亚草原上一个财富发达的骑马游牧精英社会，该社会与波斯帝国及中国进行马匹贸易1。
Russian archaeologists discovered the remains of an ancient woman in 1993 on the Ukok Plateau in the Altai Mountains of Siberia, revealing insights into the elite societies of Iron Age Eurasia. 1 The individual, known as the Siberian Ice Maiden, lived approximately 2,300 years ago and belonged to the Pazyryk culture, with radiocarbon dating placing her death between 280–240 BCE, most likely in the mid-270s. 1 She died around age 25 from breast cancer, though skeletal analysis also revealed signs of osteomyelitis and trauma from a fall. 1
The grave contained exceptionally preserved remains and an extraordinary array of burial goods that underscore her elevated social status. 1 Six horses were sacrificed and interred with her, while the tomb held hundreds of artifacts including silk textiles, woolen fabrics, hemp, coriander, a three-foot-high felt headdress, copper deer pins, and fifteen gold birds. 1 Her body was extensively decorated with tattoos and clothed in colorful silk and wool garments, suggesting she may have held a religious role such as shaman or priestess. 1 The Pazyryk elite represented a prosperous, horse-riding nomadic society spanning from the late sixth century to the mid-third century BCE, and they maintained extensive trade networks connecting the Persian Empire to China through the exchange of horses and other goods. 1
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