一项历时五年的欧盟资助跨国研究项目发现，微塑料在农业土壤中扮演着危险的传播媒介角色。1该研究在11个欧洲国家的227个农业地块中均检测到微塑料，并已产生22项同行评审研究。1微塑料能够吸附污染物、农药、细菌和病原体，形成"塑料圈"微生物栖息地，从而增加抗生素耐药基因和病原体传播的风险。1
微塑料对土壤和农业造成的具体影响正在逐步显现。瑞士研究发现，轮胎磨损颗粒含量最高的地块同时含有最高的其他有毒化学物质和重金属。1生菜种植实验表明，高浓度微塑料会降低叶面积、叶绿素含量、光合效率和植物生物量。1格洛斯特郡大学乡村社区研究所的Edoardo Puglisi教授解释道，微塑料越小越容易吸附污染物、微生物和DNA，导致"特洛伊木马效应"。1研究人员对微塑料的持久性表示担忧，Dr Esperanza Huerta Lwanga指出："一旦这些塑料在地下碎裂，就几乎不可能清除。"1
A five-year European Union-funded research initiative has identified microplastics in soil as a vehicle for spreading pollutants, pesticides, and bacteria across agricultural landscapes.1 The multinational study examined 227 agricultural plots across 11 European countries and detected microplastics in every location surveyed.1 The research program has generated 22 peer-reviewed studies documenting the widespread contamination and its ecological consequences.1
Microplastics function as vectors for toxins by creating what researchers describe as "plastic-circle" microbial habitats that increase the risk of spreading antibiotic-resistant genes and pathogens while simultaneously compromising plant growth and soil ecological function.1 According to Professor Edoardo Puglisi, the smaller the plastic particles, the more readily they absorb pollutants, microorganisms, and DNA, producing a "Trojan horse effect."1 A Swiss study found that fields with the highest concentration of tire wear particles also contained the highest levels of other toxic chemicals and heavy metals.1
Experimental work on lettuce demonstrated that high concentrations of microplastics reduced leaf area, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency, and overall plant biomass.1 Dr. Esperanza Huerta Lwanga emphasized the permanence of the problem, stating that "once these plastics fragment underground, they are almost impossible to remove."1
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