受厄尔尼诺现象引发的干旱恶化，巴拿马运河宣布从10月起再次削减海上交通通行能力1。日均通行船舶将从8月的36艘下降至29.5艘，降幅达18%1。这是继9月已削减至32艘之后的进一步限制1。
巴拿马运河承载着全球5%的海上贸易和美国40%的集装箱运输1，通行能力的萎缩将对全球航运产生显著影响。8月期间，集装箱船已出现排队等待长达10天的现象，部分船舶为了优先通行甚至支付了约400万美元的费用1。这次进一步的运力削减预计将加剧全球航运成本和时间成本的上升。
该地区的水文危机日趋严重。2023年的水位危机期间，巴拿马运河日均通行船舶曾大幅下滑至22艘1。气象部门预测厄尔尼诺现象将在今年晚些时候达到峰值，为过去40年来最强1。该气候现象的全球影响已经显现，52个国家在6月至8月期间打破了季节性温度纪录，其中包括18个非洲国家1。
The Panama Canal Authority is implementing additional restrictions on maritime traffic beginning in October, reducing daily vessel passages from August's 36 ships to 29.5 ships—a decline of 18 percent 1. This measure responds to worsening drought conditions driven by the El Niño phenomenon, which is expected to reach peak intensity later this year and represents the strongest such event in four decades 1.
The canal's operational constraints carry significant global implications. The waterway currently handles approximately 5 percent of worldwide maritime trade and 40 percent of United States container shipments 1. The cumulative impact of traffic restrictions is likely to further elevate shipping costs and extend transit times, compounding existing pressures on international commerce. In August, container ships waited as long as ten days in queue, prompting some vessels to pay approximately $4 million to bypass the lineup 1. Daily passages had previously been reduced from 36 ships in August to 32 in September 1.
The current crisis echoes challenges faced during the 2023 water-level crisis, when the canal was forced to restrict daily traffic from 38 ships to a low of 22 vessels 1. The wider climate pattern driving these constraints is reflected in extreme global temperatures, with 52 countries setting seasonal temperature records between June and August, including 18 African nations experiencing record-breaking conditions during that same period 1.
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