特朗普政府宣布对60至80多个国家实施新一轮关税，税率为10%-12.5%[1][3][4]，涵盖美国99.4%的进口商品[3]。这些新关税自美国东部时间周五凌晨12:01生效[4]，取代了即将过期的临时10%全球关税[1][3][4]，后者曾在2月被美国最高法院裁定大部分违法[1]。
美国贸易代表声称此举是为应对强迫劳动问题[3]。美国贸易代表办公室经过4个月调查，依据《1974年贸易法》第301条实施这一措施[4]。美国贸易代表格里尔表示："美国实行强制劳动进口禁令已近一个世纪，我们的贸易伙伴早就应该这样做。"[6]然而贸易专家指出，这些关税的真实目的是为了保护美国制造业并解决贸易赤字，而非强迫劳动[3]。
包括澳大利亚、新西兰、日本、欧盟和中国在内的主要贸易伙伴纷纷提出反对。澳大利亚贸易部长唐·法雷尔称该关税制度"不合理且与美澳自由贸易协定不符"[2]，并称关税指控"完全不合理"[4]。新西兰总理克里斯托弗·卢克森表示关税"极其令人失望"，不合理且有害于贸易[4]。欧盟外交政策主管卡娅·卡拉斯指出欧盟的劳工法比美国更严格，指控"没有依据"[4]。日本首席内阁秘书纪宫真一表示日本曾被特朗普政府保证不会加收额外关税，现在加征12.5%是"令人遗憾的"[4]。中国外交部发言人林剑表示"反对所有形式的单边关税"，称"贸易战不符合任何方利益"[4]。巴西政府则称新的12.5%关税"毫无根据"和"完全武断且无正当理由"[3][7]。
在具体商品层面，澳大利亚三大出口商品类别（包括牛肉和黄金）将避免关税打击[2]。泰国的12.5%关税豁免约2,120项商品，代表泰国对美出口价值的一半以上[4]。英国威士忌因特朗普与英国达成的协议而豁免关税[3]，欧盟关税从15%降至10%，与英国协议税率相同[5]。不过贸易界人士指出，这使英国在服装、化学品等未被英美协议具体涵盖的行业中相对欧盟处于劣势[5]。
美国国内也出现反对声音。民主党人将关税描述为"销售税，会让美国人生活更艰难"[7]。英国商会贸易政策主任威廉·贝恩表示："英国和欧盟今天受到的待遇存在明显差异，这是不可否认的"[5]。
The Trump administration has imposed new tariffs ranging from 10% to 12.5% on over 80 countries[1][3][7], including the United Kingdom, Mexico, Canada, Australia, India, China, and all 27 EU member states[1]. The new rates take effect at 12:01 a.m. Eastern Time on Friday, replacing a temporary 10% blanket tariff that expired[4][6].
The administration justified the tariffs by claiming the affected nations have failed to adequately combat forced labour in their exports[2][4]. US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer stated that "America has had a ban on forced labour imports for nearly a century, and our trading partners should have done the same long ago"[6]. However, trade experts argue the true motivation differs from the stated rationale. Economist Caroline Freund contended the tariffs aim to address the US trade deficit and protect American manufacturing rather than combat forced labour[3].
International reaction has been swift and critical. Australia's Trade Minister Don Farrell called the tariff regime "unreasonable" and inconsistent with the US-Australia free trade agreement, demanding immediate withdrawal[2]. New Zealand Prime Minister Christopher Luxon described the measures as "extremely disappointing" and "unreasonable and damaging to trade"[4]. The EU's foreign policy chief Kaja Kallas rejected the forced labour allegations as "baseless," noting that European labour laws are stricter than US standards[4]. Japan's chief cabinet secretary Tsuguo Shionogi expressed regret that Japan now faces a 12.5% tariff despite previous Trump administration assurances of exemption[4]. Brazil's government called its 12.5% tariff "completely arbitrary and without proper justification"[7].
China's foreign ministry spokesperson Lin Jian opposed "all forms of unilateral tariffs," stating that "trade wars are not in anyone's interest"[4]. The tariffs cover approximately 99.4% of US imports[3], with the new measures succeeding a previous tariff policy that the US Supreme Court largely invalidated in February[1].
The UK faces particular disadvantages under the new framework. While the EU's unified tariff rate dropped from 15% to 10%—matching the UK's negotiated rate—British goods in categories not specifically covered by the US-UK Economic Prosperity Declaration face combined tariffs. UK jumpers that previously attracted a 12.5% tariff plus the 10% agreement surcharge now total 22.5%, while identical EU products enter at the 10% rate[5]. UK whisky receives tariff exemption under a Trump administration agreement with Britain[3], while Irish and French spirits remain subject to 10% tariffs[5]. The British Chamber of Commerce's trade policy director William Bain stated: "There is a clear difference in how the UK and EU are being treated today—that is undeniable"[5].
Democrats characterized the tariffs as a "sales tax that will make life harder for Americans," raising concerns about increased living costs for consumers[7].