北海公园宝积楼牌匾近日被大斑啄木鸟啄出窟窿。19月14日，公园方面回应称，该牌匾不属于文物，下午将邀请专家查看再做处置。1视频画面显示，啄损该牌匾的鸟类是大斑啄木鸟，这是北京啄木鸟种群中相对常见的物种。1
鸟类学专家邓文洪解释，啄木鸟啄木主要用于觅食、求偶和筑巢三种目的，它们倾向选择软木和腐朽枯树。1虽然啄木鸟总体属益鸟，能防治森林害虫，但对古建筑和建筑保温层可能造成局部伤害。1邓文洪指出："啄木鸟不是给树治病的医生，但它能够防治、消灭很多森林害虫，是森林害虫的天敌"。1
北京共有9种啄木鸟，均属北京市市级重点保护动物，其中城区公园最常见的有3种：大斑啄木鸟、灰头绿啄木鸟和星头啄木鸟。1这三种啄木鸟的啄洞深度不同，大斑啄木鸟在树干打洞后往下啄大约30厘米，灰头绿啄木鸟的洞相对较深，而小型星头啄木鸟啄的洞约15厘米。1
为平衡保护古建与保护野生动物，专家建议采用防护网、驱赶等多种不伤害鸟类的方式。1国家林草局预计很快将出台防鸟网技术规范，原则是防鸟不伤鸟。1
A plaque at Baoji Tower in Beijing's Beihai Park was recently pecked with holes by a great spotted woodpecker, drawing public attention.1 According to ornithologist Deng Wenhong, woodpeckers peck wood for three primary purposes: foraging, courtship, and nest-building, typically targeting softwood and decaying dead trees.1 The plaque in question is not classified as a cultural relic, and park officials announced on September 14 that they would invite experts to inspect it before determining next steps.1
Beijing is home to nine species of woodpeckers, all designated as municipal-level protected animals, out of a total of 33 species nationwide.1 The three most commonly encountered in urban parks are the great spotted woodpecker, grey-headed green woodpecker, and spotted pied woodpecker.1 After pecking into tree trunks, the great spotted woodpecker typically creates holes extending approximately 30 centimeters downward, while the grey-headed green woodpecker creates relatively deeper holes, and the spotted pied woodpecker creates holes of about 15 centimeters.1
While woodpeckers are not "doctors treating trees," as Deng Wenhong noted, they play a crucial ecological role by controlling and eliminating numerous forest pests and serving as natural predators of forest insects.1 Experts recommend employing multiple bird-protection methods including netting and deterrence that do not harm the birds themselves.1 The National Forestry and Grassland Administration is expected to soon issue technical standards for bird-protection netting, operating on the principle of preventing birds from access without causing them harm.1
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