澳大利亚过去十年性传播感染病例大幅增加。12025年全国共记录42,393例淋病和5,986例梅毒病例，1其中淋病增加57%、梅毒增加56%。1男性仍为感染主体，占去年淋病病例的73%和梅毒病例的78%，1但女性患者增长速度引发关注。
令人担忧的是，女性梅毒通知率在十年内激增167%，1远超男性的39%增长率，1这一趋势与异性传播增加密切相关。1梅毒在孕期传播尤其严重，过去十年共有113例先天性梅毒病例，其中40名婴儿因此死亡。1约一半先天性梅毒病例涉及土著和托雷斯海峡岛民婴儿。1
地区差异显著。土著澳大利亚人的淋病诊断率是非土著人的4倍，梅毒诊断率为6倍。1新南威尔士大学基尔比研究所流行病学家斯凯·麦格雷戈表示这是"紧急优先事项"。12019年全国调查显示，过去12个月有5个或以上临时性伴侣的年轻人中，近三分之二没有使用安全套。1
Australia recorded 42,393 cases of gonorrhoea and 5,986 cases of syphilis in 2025, representing significant increases over the past decade.1 Gonorrhoea notifications have risen 57% and syphilis 56% over the ten-year period.1 The surge reflects a concerning shift in disease patterns, particularly among women, whose syphilis cases have increased by 167% compared to a 39% rise among men.1
While men accounted for 73% of gonorrhoea cases and 78% of syphilis cases last year, the disproportionate growth in female infections points to increased heterosexual transmission.1 This trend has had serious consequences for maternal and child health, with 113 congenital syphilis cases recorded over the past decade, resulting in 40 infant deaths.1 Approximately half of congenital syphilis cases involved Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander babies.1 Indigenous Australians face particularly acute disease burdens, with gonorrhoea diagnosis rates four times higher and syphilis rates six times higher than non-Indigenous populations.1
Public health experts have flagged the situation as urgent. According to Skye McGregor, an epidemiologist at the Kirby Institute at the University of New South Wales, the outbreak constitutes an "emergency priority."1 A 2019 national survey highlighted a significant protection gap, finding that nearly two-thirds of young people reporting five or more casual partners in the previous twelve months had not used condoms.1
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