37signals发布了Kamal，一款开源Web应用部署工具，旨在让用户在任何环境中部署应用而无需依赖商业云平台厂商1。Kamal可在裸机、低成本云服务（如Digital Ocean、Hetzner、OVH）或混合环境上运行1，提供了相比Heroku、Kubernetes等现有方案更简洁的部署方式1。
该工具采用了容器化技术，但设计思路与Kubernetes的声明式模型不同，改为使用命令式命令1。Kamal无需用户提前准备服务器或预安装依赖项，所有内容都通过Docker镜像交付1。37signals已将此工具用于实践，将HEY和其他应用从云托管迁回自有硬件1。
Kamal, an open-source deployment tool developed by 37signals, enables developers to deploy web applications across diverse environments—from bare metal servers to cloud virtual machines—without vendor lock-in to commercial cloud platforms 1. The tool simplifies modern containerized deployment while maintaining flexibility and portability compared to alternatives like Heroku and Kubernetes 1.
Kamal operates as a container-focused equivalent to Capistrano, requiring no advance server preparation 1. It runs on bare metal, cost-effective cloud services such as Digital Ocean, Hetzner, and OVH, or hybrid infrastructure combinations 1. Unlike Kubernetes's declarative approach, Kamal uses imperative commands for deployment orchestration 1. The tool eliminates the need for pre-installed dependencies on target servers, as all dependencies are packaged within Docker images 1.
37signals has deployed Kamal to migrate HEY and other applications from cloud hosting back to its own hardware infrastructure 1.
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