康奈尔大学研究团队通过分析埃特纳火山的两次古代喷发，揭示了火山喷发过程中截然不同的运动路径1。其中一次喷发的岩浆从约22公里深处缓慢上升，在2-5公里处停留数周后才喷发1；另一次喷发的岩浆则从24-30公里深处迅速上升，仅需数小时即完成喷发1。
研究人员通过拉曼光谱技术测量岩浆中形成的晶体内微观气泡，发现二氧化碳与水的浓度比例差异是导致这些不同喷发速率的关键因素1。高浓度的二氧化碳驱动岩浆快速上升，而水含量较高时则会导致喷发过程在浅层进行1。这项研究由Esteban Gazel领导，Maxim Gavrilenko担任首发作者，已发表于《地球化学、地球物理学、地球系统学》期刊2026年第27卷第6期1。
Researchers at Cornell University have reconstructed the pathways of two ancient eruptions at Mount Etna, revealing dramatically different timescales shaped by the volcanic gases dissolved in magma.1 In one eruption dated to 122 B.C., magma rose slowly from approximately 22 kilometers depth and stalled in the shallow crust between 2 and 5 kilometers for several weeks before finally erupting.1 By contrast, a second eruption known as the Fall Stratified event, which occurred roughly 4,000 years ago, saw magma ascend rapidly from depths of 24 to 30 kilometers and reach the surface in just hours.1
The key to understanding these divergent eruption rates lies in the relative concentrations of carbon dioxide and water in the magma, according to the research led by Esteban Gazel and authored by Maxim Gavrilenko.1 High concentrations of carbon dioxide drove the magma upward rapidly in the younger eruption, while elevated water content in the older eruption caused the magma to rise more slowly and linger at shallow depths.1 The team employed Raman spectroscopy to analyze microscopic gas bubbles trapped within magma crystals—structures so tiny they measure only 1 to 10 percent of human hair thickness—to determine the historical gas compositions.1 The findings were published in Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems in volume 27, issue 6 of 2026.1
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