中国国务院7月31日发布《关于出境入境管理的规定》，将于9月15日起施行1。新规对违反出口管制、技术进出口管理等规定的人员可不准许出境，对违反出口管制、危害国家安全和利益的人员同样予以限制12。然而，"危害国家安全和利益"、"产业安全"等关键概念未有明确定义1，管制内容的模糊性可能导致执行上具有高度任意性1。
新规扩大了对高科技领域的管制范围，中国当局可要求民众提供手机、电脑、社群媒体等电子证据2。法律人士指出，该规定是在2023年修订反间谍法基础上的叠加式规定，可能成为中国出入境的法律武器2。中兴大学教授谭偟恩认为，新规旨在"让中国内部产生不安定的来源不准进入、让中国内部变得稳定的因素不准流出"1。
由于北京将台湾人认定为中国公民，该规定不排除适用于台湾民众1。陆委会副主委沈有忠示警，近来在中国遭盘查、关押或失联的人数有所增加，上升幅度比较异常2。台商、台企干部、半导体与高科技从业人员、基层公务人员、宗教人士、人权倡议者和公开发表政治言论者等群体面临较高出入境风险12。
China's State Council released regulations on exit and entry management that will take effect on September 15, 2024, introducing restrictions on departure for individuals who violate export controls or endanger national security and interests.12 The new rules grant authorities the power to deny exit to Chinese citizens in violation of export control and technology import-export regulations, as well as those deemed to harm national security and interests.1
However, the vague definitions of "national security and interests" and "industrial security" in the regulations have raised alarm among Taiwan observers and officials.1 According to academics and Taiwan's Mainland Affairs Council (MAC), the ambiguous language creates significant risk for certain groups. MAC Vice Minister Shen You-chung warned that five categories of people face heightened risk when traveling to or within China: Taiwan businesspeople and executives of Taiwan enterprises, semiconductor and high-tech talent, grassroots civil servants, and members of specific religious communities.2 Scholar Tan Wei-en from National Chung Hsing University characterized the regulation's intent as designed to "prevent destabilizing elements from entering China internally while preventing stabilizing factors from leaving."1
The regulation does not exclude its application to Taiwan residents, as Beijing classifies Taiwan people as Chinese citizens.1 Additionally, Article 4, Section 3 of the new rules imposes strict controls on high-technology sectors, empowering Chinese authorities to demand electronic evidence from individuals, including access to smartphones, computers, and social media accounts.2 Judge Xu Kai-jie assessed the regulation as a cascading rule built upon China's revised counter-espionage law of 2023, potentially functioning as a legal weapon for China's exit-entry enforcement.2 MAC has cautioned that the regulation's vague content creates high potential for arbitrary enforcement.1 Meanwhile, reports indicate an unusual recent surge in the number of people detained, interrogated, or missing in China.2
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