他汀类药物是广泛使用的降胆固醇药物，约270万澳大利亚人每月使用该类药物以降低心脏病和中风风险1。近期两项研究为这类药物在预防慢性疾病中的作用提供了新的证据。
丹麦研究人员对超过13.2万名2型糖尿病患者进行了调查，发现早期使用他汀与痴呆风险降低15%存在关联1。与此同时，蒙纳士大学开展的随机对照试验纳入了近1万名70岁及以上的健康老年人，历时约6年，结果显示阿托伐他汀可将首次主要心脏病或中风风险降低30%1。
然而，这两项研究也存在不同程度的局限。丹麦研究面临混淆偏差和反向因果关系的问题，其发现仅适用于2型糖尿病患者群体1。蒙纳士大学的研究则表明，虽然阿托伐他汀降低了心脏病和中风发生风险，但并未延长使用者的无残疾生存期1。
澳大利亚目前对79岁以下且具有高心血管风险或中等风险的人群推荐使用胆固醇降低药物1。
Statins are widely used to reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke, with approximately 2.7 million Australians taking these cholesterol-lowering medications monthly 1. Recent research has expanded understanding of their potential benefits beyond traditional heart disease prevention, particularly in healthy populations.
A Danish study involving over 132,000 people with type 2 diabetes found that early statin use was associated with a 15% reduction in dementia risk 1. However, this research has limitations, including potential confounding bias and reverse causality, and its findings apply specifically to diabetic patients rather than the general healthy population 1.
A randomized controlled trial conducted by Monash University tracked nearly 10,000 people aged 70 and above for approximately six years 1. The study demonstrated that atorvastatin reduced the risk of a first major cardiovascular event or stroke by 30% in this healthy older cohort 1. Despite this cardiovascular benefit, the treatment did not extend disability-free survival 1. Current Australian guidelines recommend cholesterol-lowering medications for people under 79 years of age who have high or moderate cardiovascular risk 1.
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