欧洲核子研究组织（CERN）的ALICE实验利用大型强子对撞机进行了前所未有的高分辨率测量，首次多维度测量了非相干J/ψ光核产生过程1。在最小空间尺度上，研究团队发现J/ψ产生率出现显著抑制，统计显著性约三个标准差1。这一发现对传统的核阴影模型提出了挑战，与量子色动力学预测的胶子饱和现象相符1。
此次测量达到了前所未有的空间分辨率，分别为0.6、0.3和0.2飞米1。为便于理解，最高分辨率相当于将原子核放大到足球场大小时，能够分辨场地上几码宽的特征1。研究涵盖的光子-核碰撞能量范围为20至633亿电子伏1。这项研究由堪萨斯大学物理学家Daniel Tapia Takaki主导1，相关论文已发表于《物理评论快报》2026年137卷第5期1。
Researchers at CERN's ALICE experiment have made unprecedented high-resolution measurements of gluon behavior within atomic nuclei, providing new insights into the fundamental structure of matter.1 Using the Large Hadron Collider, the team conducted the first multidimensional measurements of incoherent J/ψ photonuclear production, achieving spatial resolutions of 0.6, 0.3, and 0.2 femtometers.1 To illustrate the precision, the finest resolution would be equivalent to discerning features just a few yards wide if an atomic nucleus were magnified to the size of a football field.1
The measurements revealed significant suppression of J/ψ production rates at the smallest spatial scales, with statistical significance reaching approximately three standard deviations.1 This finding challenges conventional nuclear shadowing models while aligning with quantum chromodynamics predictions regarding gluon saturation phenomena.1 The research examined photon-nucleus collisions across an energy range of 20 to 63.3 billion electron volts.1 The study was led by physicist Daniel Tapia Takaki from the University of Kansas and has been published in Physical Review Letters, volume 137, issue 5, in 2026.1
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