金砖国家领导人峰会在新德里召开，应对全球冲突与贸易保护主义挑战

金砖国家领导人在印度新德里召开第十八次会晤，在乌克兰战争、中东冲突和美国贸易政策不确定性的复杂背景下，展示集团的团结与协调能力。128中国国家主席习近平于9月12日中午抵达新德里，这是他自2019年以来首次访问印度。5习近平获得印度陆军卫队和传统舞蹈表演的盛大欢迎，印度总理莫迪主持了会晤。3

峰会期间，习近平在会议第一阶段发表讲话，反对单边主义、保护主义和冷战思维，主张支持以世界贸易组织为核心的多边贸易体制。7他宣布中国将于2027年接任金砖主席国，主办第十九次会晤。47习近平与莫迪举行双边会谈，习近平表示中印是合作伙伴而非对手，近两年两次会晤引领中印关系实现"再提升"。11莫迪回应称，印方始终从战略高度看待印中关系，愿做伙伴而不是对手，双方就维护边境地区和平安宁达成共识。11

金砖国家在峰会期间就联合声明达成协议，呼吁在中东局势上保持"最大克制"，避免进一步加剧冲突。5613莫迪呼吁俄罗斯总统普京就乌克兰战争进行谈判，该冲突已进入第五年。5习近平在讲话中还提出了金砖国家人工智能赋能新型工业化倡议。7金砖集团目前拥有11个正式成员国，包括巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国、南非、埃及、埃塞俄比亚、印度尼西亚、伊朗、沙特阿拉伯和阿联酋，代表全球约50%的人口和40%的经济产出。35今年是金砖合作机制成立20周年。10

BRICS leaders gathered in New Delhi for their 18th summit, held September 12–13, as the bloc navigated competing pressures from ongoing regional conflicts and rising geopolitical tensions.10 The 11-member group, which represents approximately half of the global population and 40% of world economic output,5 worked to project cohesion despite deep divisions over how to address Middle East instability and other international disputes.

Chinese President Xi Jinping's attendance marked his first visit to India since 2019,5 underscoring a significant thaw in bilateral relations following their 2020 border clash that claimed at least 20 Indian soldiers and 4 Chinese soldiers.3 Xi received a ceremonial welcome featuring an Indian Army guard of honor and traditional dance performances,3 reflecting New Delhi's effort to stabilize ties with Beijing. During bilateral talks, Xi told Prime Minister Narendra Modi that China and India were "partners, not rivals" and that two recent meetings had elevated their relationship from "a fresh start to fresh progress."11 Modi reciprocated, affirming India's commitment to viewing Sino-Indian relations from "a strategic and long-term perspective" and pledging to remain partners rather than adversaries.11

The bloc adopted a joint declaration calling for "maximum restraint" regarding Middle East tensions,5613 though the statement avoided naming specific countries or conflicts, instead condemning unilateral actions in general terms.3 Iran's participation as a full member—an advantage the United States lacks—underscored BRICS' broader outreach to the Global South.2 Modi used bilateral meetings with Russian President Putin and Iranian President Pezeshkian to urge dialogue on Ukraine, describing negotiation and diplomacy as "the right path to resolve conflicts."5

China announced it will assume the BRICS presidency in 2027 and host the bloc's 19th summit,47 marking the organization's entry into its third decade as the mechanism commemorated its 20th anniversary this year.10 During the opening session, Xi opposed "unilateralism, protectionism and Cold War mentality," championed multilateralism and the rules-based international order,7 and proposed a BRICS initiative on artificial intelligence to support new industrialization.7 Despite these efforts at consensus-building, experts noted that the group's 11 members struggle to speak with one voice on numerous issues, complicating efforts to present a unified alternative to Western-led institutions.3