澳大利亚在新冠疫情后迎来移民浪潮，2023年净海外迁移（NOM）达到创纪录的547,300人1。这一激增的数字已成为政治争议焦点，工党、联盟党和国家党就如何调整移民规模提出了截然不同的目标。国家党领导人Pauline Hanson呼吁将NOM削减至130,0001，而工党则以在两年内将其降至225,000为目标1，联盟党主张NOM应"大幅低于200,000"1。目前澳大利亚有290万临时签证持有人，其中学生在2024/25财年占临时移民抵达的43%1。
专家警告大幅削减移民可能带来经济负面影响。格拉顿研究所的分析发现，接待业40%的员工出生在海外，医疗和社会援助部门约37%员工出生在海外1。国库文件估计每名技术移民为澳大利亚经济贡献198,000澳元1。此外，2021年格拉顿报告指出，反移民观点在移民人数较少的地区更为普遍1，显示地区差异在移民政策认知中的重要作用。
Australia is navigating a critical debate over immigration policy following an unprecedented surge in overseas migration after the COVID-19 pandemic. Net overseas migration reached a record 547,300 people in 2023, a figure that has sparked sharp disagreement among political parties over what the target should be going forward.1
The three major political parties have proposed divergent migration targets. The Labor government aims to reduce net overseas migration to 225,000 within two years, while the Coalition contends it should be "significantly below 200,000."1 The National Party has taken a more restrictive stance, with leader Pauline Hanson calling for a reduction to 130,000.1 As of July 31, 2026, Australia is home to 2.9 million temporary visa holders, with international students comprising 43 percent of temporary arrivals in the 2024-25 financial year.1
Experts have warned that substantial cuts to immigration could carry economic consequences. Treasury analysis estimates that each skilled migrant contributes $198,000 to the Australian economy, and the Grattan Institute found that 40 percent of hospitality workers and approximately 37 percent of healthcare and social assistance workers were born overseas.1 Research from 2021 indicated that anti-immigration sentiment is more prevalent in regions with lower migrant populations.1 These findings suggest that dramatically reducing immigration could strain critical sectors already dependent on overseas talent.
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