也门胡塞武装占领红海战略要地 控制全球关键航运通道

伊朗支持的也门胡塞武装本周发动大规模军事行动，于9月11日夺取战略港口城市莫卡，随后占领曼德海峡内的佩里姆岛和红海沿岸城镇杜巴布124。这是胡塞武装自2022年联合国调停停火协议以来最大的领土收益12。胡塞武装控制了也门红海沿岸约130公里的地区17，进一步加强了对这一全球重要航运枢纽的掌控。

莫卡港位于曼德海峡以北80公里，佩里姆岛则坐落于曼德海峡内部，两地均处于连接红海和亚丁湾的战略要冲124。胡塞武装发言人阿卜杜勒萨拉姆表示"红海和海峡的航行自由和国际贸易保持安全"12，但声称对沙特船只的目标不变1317。通过此次扩张，伊朗通过其代理力量现已控制霍尔木兹海峡和曼德海峡两大关键海峡，这两处通道影响全球35%以上的燃料和石油贸易17。

这一急速扩张引发国际紧张局势升级。胡塞武装向沙特四个城市发射数十枚弹道导弹和无人机4，沙特随之对也门四个省份进行空袭并轰炸莫卡机场48。沙特石油基础设施遭疑似胡塞导弹和无人机袭击91017，沙特王储穆罕默德·本·萨勒曼向美国总统特朗普施压采取军事行动13。特朗普政府表示将提供情报和瞄准支持，但不直接介入军事行动13。同时沙特指控胡塞对塔伊兹省发动轰炸12。

这次冲突升级自7月开始4，打破了2022年联合国调停停火后的相对平静413。冲突已造成近200人死亡4，至少4.6万人流离失所1213。自2014年以来，也门整体冲突造成超过15万人死亡12。联合国安理会就也门局势召开紧急会议910。胡塞武装的这一军事突破威胁全球海上贸易通道，可能推高国际油气价格31216。

Iran-backed Houthi forces have captured key strategic positions along Yemen's Red Sea coast, marking their most significant territorial gains since a 2022 UN-brokered ceasefire.12 The militia took control of the port city of Mokha on September 11, followed by seizure of Perim Island within the Bab al-Mandeb Strait and the coastal town of Dhubbab.24 Perim Island, also known as Mayyun, sits at a critical chokepoint connecting the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden and serves as a vital global shipping route.213 The rapid offensive brought approximately 130 kilometers of Yemen's Red Sea coastline under Houthi control.17

The territorial expansion represents a dramatic shift in regional power dynamics.12 Houthi military spokesman Yahya Saree declared that the operation had expelled Saudi-backed government forces from six districts in the Taiz and Hodeidah regions, with claims of hundreds of casualties and captures.13 The group asserted that maritime navigation remains safe for all vessels except those belonging to Saudi Arabia.113 However, the escalation has triggered intensive regional conflict, with the Houthis launching dozens of ballistic missiles and drones at four Saudi cities while Saudi forces conducted airstrikes on four Yemeni provinces in response.4 According to UN sources, at least 46,000 people have been displaced as fighting intensified, with nearly 200 deaths reported.41213

The advancement poses significant threats to global trade and energy markets. The Bab al-Mandeb Strait and adjacent waters now under Houthi influence represent a critical juncture for international commerce, through which over 35 percent of global fuel and oil trade flows.17 Saudi Arabia has grown increasingly dependent on Red Sea routes for petroleum exports, particularly following constraints on the Strait of Hormuz.12 The situation has prompted the UN Security Council to convene emergency sessions, while Saudi Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman has personally urged U.S. President Trump to authorize military action against the Houthis.13 The Trump administration indicated it would provide intelligence and targeting support without direct military involvement.13 This conflict marks a serious escalation from the relative stability that had prevailed since 2022, fundamentally altering the strategic balance in one of the world's most economically critical waterways.