研究人员发现了一种此前未被认识的涂层损伤机制：带电水滴在撞击表面时会产生微观电放电，从而破坏保护涂层1。这一现象由马克斯·普朗克高分子研究所、波恩大学、南中国理工大学、麻省理工学院和美因茨约翰内斯·古腾堡大学的研究团队发现，相关成果已发表在《自然》杂志上1。
在实验中，研究人员以聚四氟乙烯（特氟龙）涂层作为研究对象，让带电水滴反复撞击其表面1。经过3000次撞击后，涂层和下层金属均出现明显改变1。研究显示，水滴所获取的电荷存在显著差异，最大相差可达十倍，具体大小取决于水滴流经的表面材料1。这一微观静电放电机制与已知的机械应力和化学腐蚀并列，为解释涂层在自然环境中的风化现象提供了新的视角，也为开发更耐用的涂层材料指明了方向1。
Researchers have identified a previously unknown mechanism by which charged water droplets damage protective coatings through microscopic electrical discharges upon impact.1 This phenomenon, distinct from conventional mechanical stress and chemical corrosion, occurs when water droplets acquire electrical charge as they flow across different surfaces before striking a coated material.1 The charge magnitude can vary by up to tenfold depending on the surface material the droplets traverse.1
In experimental tests on polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) coatings, charged water droplets produced significant alterations to both the protective layer and the underlying metal after 3,000 impacts.1 The findings, published in Nature in 2026 (DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10941-6), were produced through collaboration among the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, University of Bonn, South China University of Technology, MIT, and Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz.1 These results provide new insights into coating weathering and suggest pathways for developing more durable coating materials resistant to this form of electrochemical degradation.1
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