澳大利亚联邦政府提出了新法案，以加强对非法烟草贸易的起诉1。该法案的一个关键改动是无需证明被告知晓烟草被走私，而可通过产品特征来确定其非法身份1。这是澳大利亚今年第二项针对非法烟草的法案1。
然而，尽管采取了这些行动，非法烟草市场仍在持续扩大。澳大利亚进口税后的非法烟草消费占比高达80%1，年度支出估计达85亿澳元，超过大麻、可卡因、摇头丸和海洛因支出的总和1。自2023年1月以来，澳大利亚发生了305起烟草相关纵火事件1。政府已投入3.5亿美元用于执法1，但这些投入似乎未能遏制黑市的增长。
犯罪学研究表明，被抓获的确定性而非处罚的严厉程度才是威慑犯罪的关键因素1。司法部长朱利安·希尔声称该法律旨在针对"严重犯罪分子"，从高层犯罪集团到店铺工作人员1。但估计有40,000个零售商和数百万消费者日常参与非法烟草贸易1，这表明执法面临的规模挑战极其巨大。
Australia's federal government has introduced legislation aimed at strengthening prosecutions for illegal tobacco trafficking by removing the requirement to prove that defendants knew tobacco was smuggled, instead allowing determination based on product characteristics alone.1 This represents the second anti-illegal tobacco bill introduced this year.1
However, the proposed measures are unlikely to significantly curb the black market, according to analysis. Illegal tobacco accounts for approximately 80% of nicotine consumption after import duties in Australia, with annual spending estimated at A$85 billion—exceeding combined expenditure on cannabis, cocaine, ecstasy, and heroin.1 Despite the government investing A$350 million in enforcement efforts, the illegal market has continued to grow.1 Since January 2023, there have been 305 tobacco-related arson incidents.1 An estimated 40,000 retailers and millions of consumers engage in daily violations.1
Attorney-General Julian Hill stated that the laws are designed to target "serious criminals," ranging from high-level criminal syndicates to shop workers.1 Criminological research, however, suggests that the certainty of apprehension rather than the severity of punishment is the key factor in deterring crime.1
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