埃塞俄比亚宪法改革将赋予总理更大权力

埃塞俄比亚正推进宪法改革，计划合并总理办公室与总统职位，建立权力更为集中的总统制1。担任总理自2018年以来的阿比·艾哈迈德在6月议会选举中获得绝对多数席位1，并在近期举行的国民对话中获得支持1。这次国民对话吸引了约4,000名代表参加，就国家权力结构、民族紧张关系、法治和人权等议题进行讨论1。

然而，改革的民主正当性面临质疑1。反对党抵制了国民对话过程1，使得改革的代表性受到限制。民权活动人士贝费卡杜·海卢警告称"总统制更容易演变为独裁"1，而记者马丁·普劳特则认为这一改革是"将当前局势正式化"1。此外，埃塞俄比亚仍面临奥罗莫和阿姆哈拉地区的武装冲突，以及2020年至2022年提格雷战争留下的分歧1。

Ethiopia is pursuing a constitutional overhaul designed to merge the offices of prime minister and president into a single, more powerful presidential position 1. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, who has served since 2018, secured backing for the initiative at a recent national dialogue and strengthened his political standing by winning an absolute parliamentary majority in June elections 1.

The national dialogue, which convened approximately 4,000 delegates, addressed fundamental governance questions including the structure of state power, ethnic tensions, rule of law, and human rights 1. However, the reform's democratic legitimacy faces scrutiny, as opposition parties boycotted the consultation process 1. Critics have raised concerns about the concentration of authority; human rights activist Befekadu Hailu warned that a presidential system "more easily transforms into dictatorship," while journalist Martin Plaut characterized the proposal as "formalizing the current situation" 1.

Ethiopia continues to contend with ongoing armed conflicts in the Oromia and Amhara regions, as well as lingering divisions stemming from the 2020-2022 Tigray war 1.