澳大利亚布鲁里溃疡疫情扩散 蚊虫防控技术显成效

澳大利亚布鲁里溃疡病例急剧增加，疫情范围不断扩大。维多利亚州2025年已报告426例病例1，感染已蔓延至墨尔本内城区1。新南威尔士州南海岸自该病成为可报告疾病以来也报告了6例，这些病例源于独立疫情而非来自维州的传播1。

布鲁里溃疡由蚊子传播的分支杆菌引起，澳大利亚背院蚊是主要传播媒介1。感染者通常在感染后约5个月才出现症状1，治疗需要8周的抗生素疗程，皮肤溃疡的愈合可能需要超过4个月1。

为应对疫情，研究人员开发了包括自动传播装置在内的新型蚊虫防控方法1。试验数据表明这些防控措施效果显著：部署8周后，防控区蚊卵数量下降70%1，相应的预测患病率下降83%1。

Victoria has recorded a significant surge in Buruli ulcer cases, with 426 reported in 2025, marking a notable expansion of the disease across the state including into inner Melbourne neighborhoods 1. The condition is caused by a bacterium transmitted by mosquitoes and can result in severe skin ulcers requiring extended treatment 1. Symptoms typically emerge approximately five months after infection, with patients requiring an eight-week course of antibiotics and healing potentially taking over four months 1.

The Australian backyard mosquito (Aedes notoscriptus) serves as the primary vector for transmitting the disease 1. Researchers have developed innovative mosquito control methods, including automated deployment devices, which have demonstrated promising results in limiting transmission 1. Field trials showed that after eight weeks of deployment, mosquito egg numbers in treated areas declined by 70 percent, with a corresponding 83 percent reduction in predicted infection rates 1.

While the outbreak is most concentrated in Victoria, the disease is not confined to that state. New South Wales' South Coast has reported six cases since Buruli ulcer became a notifiable disease, though these stem from independent transmission chains rather than spread from Victoria 1.