科研人员对大堡礁进行了迄今最全面的微生物研究，从48个珊瑚礁的海水样本中发现了超过360,000种不同病毒和500多种此前未知的细菌物种 1。这项由昆士兰大学和澳大利亚海洋科学研究所主导的研究用时超过5年，采用长读测序技术进行分析 1，成果已发表在《自然》期刊 1。
研究共鉴定了808,585个病毒基因组和5,283个细菌及古菌基因组 1。在所发现的细菌物种中，584种为科学界首次记录 1。
参与研究的科学家指出，微生物在珊瑚礁生态系统中扮演着极其重要的角色 1。这份微生物图谱可作为珊瑚礁监测工具使用，帮助评估气候变化、热应力等环保压力对珊瑚礁的影响 1。
Scientists have completed the most comprehensive microbiome analysis of the Great Barrier Reef to date, revealing extraordinary microbial diversity within the world's largest coral ecosystem. 1
Led by researchers from the University of Queensland and the Australian Institute of Marine Science, the team analyzed DNA from water samples collected at 48 coral reef sites using long-read sequencing technology. 1 The study, published in the journal Nature, identified more than 360,000 distinct viral species and over 500 bacterial species previously unknown to science. 1 In total, the research catalogued 808,585 viral genomes and 5,283 bacterial and archaeal genomes across 876 bacterial species. 1
Dr. Yun Kit Yeoh emphasized that microorganisms represent "a very important part of coral reef ecosystems," while Prof. Philip Hugenholtz noted the findings illustrate "just how vast the microbial world is." 1
The research, which took over five years to complete, creates a microbiome map that scientists believe can serve as a monitoring tool for reef health. 1 By establishing this baseline of microbial composition, researchers aim to assess how environmental stressors such as climate change and thermal stress impact coral reef ecosystems. 1
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