牛津大学和印度塔塔基础研究所的研究人员对1700多颗Ia型超新星的观测数据进行了重新分析。1这项分析基于Pantheon+数据集，在应用最近提出的恒星年龄修正因素后，研究团队发现宇宙膨胀可能在减速而非加速。1牛津大学教授Subir Sarkar表示，"这个结果独立于是否应用修正因素，都排除了暗能量"。1
研究还发现表观加速度主要沿本地宇宙微波背景热点方向分布，并随距离递减，这与暗能量理论相悖。1然而，同期期刊中另有研究人员持不同观点。1论文作者Maria Vincenzi坚持认为现有观测证据仍支持宇宙加速膨胀。1为了进一步检验这一科学争议，鲁宾天文台正在进行大规模巡天项目（LSST），预计将提供数十万颗超新星的测量数据。1
Researchers from the University of Oxford and the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research have re-analyzed data from over 1,700 Type Ia supernovae, challenging the widely accepted theory of cosmic acceleration driven by dark energy.1 After applying newly developed corrections for the ages of stars that produce supernovae, the analysis suggests that the universe may actually be decelerating rather than accelerating.1 The apparent acceleration observed in the data appears to vary with direction, primarily aligning with the direction of the local cosmic microwave background hot spot and decreasing with distance—a pattern inconsistent with dark energy theory.1
Subir Sarkar, a professor at Oxford University's Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, stated that "this result independently excludes dark energy, whether or not the age-related correction factor is applied."1 However, the findings remain contested within the scientific community. In a concurrent publication, researcher Maria Vincenzi maintains that existing observational evidence continues to support the theory of cosmic acceleration.1
The debate is expected to be resolved with more comprehensive data in the coming years. The Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) is anticipated to provide measurements from tens of thousands of supernovae, which should help determine whether cosmic acceleration is genuine or illusory.1
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