欧盟委员会周三发布了公共采购规则改革提案，旨在促进欧洲公共机构优先采购欧洲生产的商品和服务1。虽然新规则未设置强制性配额，但赋予采购方更大的法律确定性来偏向欧洲产品1。欧委会产业政策负责人斯蒂芬·塞若内表示，"购买方可以对欧洲投标采取更具优惠性的方法，限制或拒绝来自没有公共采购协议的国家的投标"1。
新的采购规则规定，公共机构在招标评估中必须为质量指标分配最低30%的权重，而劳动密集型合同的质量权重则不低于50%1。这一改革将影响欧盟年均2.6万亿欧元的公共采购市场，约占欧盟国内生产总值的15%1。改革还涵盖可持续性等考量因素，预计将重塑欧盟采购市场的竞争格局1。
此举反映了欧盟对中国获得不公平竞争优势的持续警惕。今年4月，欧委会曾阻止中国轨道交通公司参与里斯本地铁新线项目，理由是该公司获得了国家补助1。欧盟还曾对中国安检公司Nuctech展开调查，怀疑其获得补助和税收优惠1。世界贸易组织政府采购协议的22个成员中包括欧盟、英国、美国、加拿大和日本，但中国大陆并非该协议成员1。
The European Commission has unveiled a reform of public procurement regulations designed to steer European public institutions toward purchasing goods and services produced within Europe, addressing concerns about Chinese economic influence.1 The proposal stops short of imposing mandatory quotas but grants procuring authorities greater legal certainty to favor European products.1
The overhaul applies to Europe's vast public procurement market, which accounts for approximately 15 percent of EU GDP, or around 2.6 trillion euros annually.1 Under the new rules, public bodies must assign a minimum weight of 30 percent to quality criteria, with labor-intensive contracts required to reserve at least 50 percent weight for such considerations.1 According to EU officials, "purchasers can adopt a more favorable approach toward European bids, restricting or rejecting bids from countries without public procurement agreements."1 The framework also incorporates sustainability metrics into procurement decisions, reshaping competition across the bloc's public contracting landscape.
The initiative follows several instances in which the EU has acted to exclude Chinese firms from major infrastructure projects. In April, the European Commission blocked a Chinese rail transit company from participating in a new Lisbon metro line, citing state subsidies that gave the company unfair competitive advantages.1 Previously, EU authorities investigated Chinese security screening manufacturer Nuctech over suspicions of receiving subsidies and tax benefits.1 China remains outside the World Trade Organization's Government Procurement Agreement, which currently has 22 members including the EU, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, and Japan.1
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