毛泽东于1976年9月9日去世1，但其政治遗产至今仍在塑造中国。毛建立的中共绝对领导制和高度集中的权力体系在中国政治中根深蒂固1。毛的名字仍写入中共宪法，其思想仍是官方意识形态的一部分，其肖像仍挂在北京天安门广场1。
学者们指出毛留下了深远的制度与思想遗产。张伦教授认为毛的四大政治遗产包括极权中央集权制、以革命和政治运动解决社会问题的治理模式、反精英主义的民粹倾向，以及平等主义和道德主义的乌托邦愿景1。虽然当今中国经济上已不会回到毛时代的模式，实行高度动态的国家资本主义制度并拥有强大的私营部门1，但毛的政治影响力并未消散。
虽然有观点将习近平与毛进行比较，学者们强调两者的权力方式存在本质差异。米特尔施泰特教授指出，毛站在党之上，权力来自"作为毛本身"，而习近平是"彻底的党人"，权力来自党的制度结构1。与此同时，年轻一代对毛时代的怀旧反映的是对当下不平等现象的批评1。
Mao Zedong died on September 9, 1976, yet his influence remains deeply embedded in contemporary Chinese politics and governance 1. Fifty years after his death, scholars argue that the foundational political structures he established—including absolute Communist Party leadership and highly centralized power systems—remain integral to how China operates today 1.
According to Professor Zhang Lun, Mao left four major political legacies that continue to shape Chinese society 1. These include an authoritarian centralized system of governance, the use of revolutionary and political campaigns to address social problems, populist anti-elitism, and utopian visions of equality and moral society 1. Mao's name remains enshrined in the Communist Party constitution, his ideology continues as part of official state doctrine, and his portrait still hangs in Tiananmen Square in Beijing 1.
However, scholars emphasize important distinctions between Mao's rule and current leadership. Professor Mittelstadt notes that Mao held power above the Party itself, deriving authority from being Mao, whereas Xi Jinping operates as a "thorough Party man" whose power derives from the Party's institutional structure 1. Additionally, while younger generations nostalgically reference the Mao era as a critique of contemporary inequality, Professor Wei Mo observes that the lesson Xi drew from the Cultural Revolution was not that such systems should not exist, but rather that "whoever loses power becomes subject to others' control" 1.
Economically, China will not return to Mao-era models; the country now operates under a highly dynamic state capitalism system with a robust private sector 1.
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