芬兰研究人员的最新发现表明，直接接触土壤和植物等自然材料能够提高皮肤上的微生物多样性，从而促进免疫系统功能。生态学家Mira Grönroos在实验中让受试者用土壤、泥炭和苔藓摩擦双手20秒，结果显示皮肤上微生物的丰度和多样性随之增加1。这一发现为生物多样性假说提供了支持——环境中微生物多样性越丰富，越有益于人类的微生物组和整体健康1。
Marja Roslund进行的相关研究进一步证实了户外活动的益处1。在涉及芬兰43个日托中心的Vahvistu研究项目中，在森林地面玩耍28天后一年的随访显示，与在铺装操场活动的儿童相比，森林地面儿童皮肤微生物多样性更高1。在微生物丰富沙箱中玩耍的儿童血液中免疫调节相关细胞因子发生了有利变化，支持其免疫调节功能1。
这些益处并不局限于儿童1。成人在冬季用微生物多样的土壤种植蔬菜一个月后，皮肤上细菌多样性增加，血液中抗炎细胞因子水平也随之升高1。办公室环境的改善同样有效——在安装生活绿墙两周后，工作人员皮肤微生物多样性增加，促炎细胞因子水平下降1。这些研究结果表明，接触自然环境和丰富的微生物群落在各个年龄段都能带来可测量的免疫健康改善。
Research by Finnish ecologists demonstrates that direct contact with soil and natural materials significantly enhances the diversity of microorganisms on human skin, which in turn strengthens immune system function.1 A study led by Mira Grönroos found that when subjects rubbed their hands with soil, peat, and moss for 20 seconds, the abundance and diversity of microorganisms on their skin increased measurably.1 These findings support the biodiversity hypothesis, which posits that exposure to microbiologically rich environments benefits human microbiota and overall health.1
The benefits of such contact extend across age groups and environmental settings. Children who played on forest floors showed significantly higher skin microbial diversity compared to those who played on paved playgrounds, a difference maintained over a year of follow-up observation.1 Research by Marja Roslund involving 43 Finnish daycare centers revealed that children playing in microbe-rich sandboxes experienced changes in blood cytokines related to immune regulation, supporting improved immune function.1 Among adults, spending one month cultivating vegetables in microbiologically diverse soil during winter increased bacterial diversity on the skin and elevated anti-inflammatory cytokines in the blood.1 Similarly, workers in offices equipped with living green walls for two weeks showed increased skin microbial diversity and reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines.1
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