澳大利亚研究人员通过对足球、网球、游泳和无挡板篮球等项目的深入调查发现，青少年运动员在不同年龄阶段所处的体育环境存在显著差异1。研究团队耗时320小时进行观察，并采访了41名家长、教练和俱乐部领导1。在年幼运动员组别（5-6岁），成人的指导主要侧重于鼓励和确保运动的乐趣1，而在年长青少年组别，脏话、批评和激进行为出现得更加频繁1。
研究表明，这种转变与竞争压力的加剧息息相关。一名U16运动员描述了这一变化对自身的影响，表示"氛围太消极了，他们期望太高……我想过要放弃……这让我感到很糟糕"1。研究人员指出，成人价值观在青少年体育中的转变导致了这一现象，但认为仅依靠处罚手段难以根本改善1。他们建议在赛季初期改进俱乐部与家长的互动方式，在比赛前安排家长、教练和裁判短暂聚集，共同建立积极的参赛氛围1。研究发现，许多家长在赛季初期与俱乐部的互动有限，主要集中在注册、费用和日程安排等行政事务上1。
A comprehensive study of junior sports in Australia has revealed a troubling shift in how adults behave along the sidelines as children progress through different age groups.1 Researchers observed 320 hours across football, tennis, swimming, and basketball, while also interviewing 41 parents, coaches, and club leaders.1 In younger age groups such as five- and six-year-olds, the environment emphasizes encouragement and fun, yet older youth athletes experience significantly more swearing, criticism, and aggressive behavior from adults.1
The change in adult conduct appears linked to increased competition as children age. One under-16 athlete described the toll this shift takes, stating: "it's too negative and they expect too much […] I wanted to quit […] it made me feel like shit."1 Rather than relying solely on punishment measures, researchers suggest that clubs can foster more positive participation by improving how they engage with parents and coaches from the outset of the season.1 A 2025 finding showed that many parents have limited interaction with clubs early in the season, with initial contact typically limited to registration, fees, and scheduling.1 The researchers recommend that parents, coaches, and officials gather briefly before competitions to jointly establish a supportive atmosphere for participation.1
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